Introduction to DNA Sequencing

Introduction to DNA Sequencing -This blog is intended as a brief introduction to DNA Sequencing for students. We will see what it is, how it works, and we will learn how DNA Sequencing is worked. DNA is basically a long molecule that contains coded instructions for the cells. Everything the cells do is coded some how in DNA - which cells should grow and when, which cells should die and when, which cells should make hair and what color it should be. Our DNA is inherited from our parents. We resemble our parents simply because our bodies were formed using DNA to guide the process the DNA we inherited from them.

First we must learn how DNA is structured. DNA is a long molecule, like a chain, where the links of the chain are pieces called nucleotides. There are four different types of nucleotides in DNA which we'll call 'A', 'G', 'C' and 'T'. These four are all that's necessary to write a code that describes our entire body plan.

Double-stranded DNA is simply two chains of single- stranded DNA, positioned so their "bases" can interact with each other. DNA stands for deoxyribonucleic acid while RNA stands for ribonucleic acid. RNA is very similar to DNA but differs in a few important structural details RNA is usually single stranded while DNA is usually double stranded.

DNA sequencing encompasses biochemical methods for determining the order of the nucleotide bases, adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine, in a DNA oligonucleotide.DNA sequencing methods have evolved from relatively laborious gel-based procedures to modern automated protocols based on dye labelling and detection in capillary electrophoresis that permit rapid large-scale sequencing of genomes and transcriptomes in DNA sequencing.

The rapid speed of DNA sequencing attained with modern DNA sequencing technology has been instrumental in the sequencing of the human genome, in the Human Genome Project. Related projects, often by scientific collaboration across continents, have generated the complete DNA sequences of many animal, plant, and microbial genomes.